Machine for making stereotype-matrices



(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

0. DAV-IDS. v MAUHINE FOR MAKING STEBEOTYPE MATRIGES.

No; 274,918. PatentedAprfi, 1883.

- HEEBEE It I? N4 FUERS. Pheto-ulhc m mv, Wa himm. D. (1

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

O. H. DAVIDS.

MACHINE FOR MAKING STBRE'OTYPE MATRICES.

Patented Apr. 3, 1883.

. E 72ft! 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

no Model.)

c. H. DAVIDS.

MACHINE FOR MAKING STBREOTYPE MATRICES; No. 274,918.

Patented Apr. 3, 1888...

zilf/lll PETERS, mhwmm n w. Wumngion, o. a

UNITED STAT S PATENT FFICE.

CHARLES H. DAVIDS, OF BROOKLYN, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF, AND DAVID F. DAVIDS AND MAY DOW DAVIDS, OF NEW ROCHELLE, NEW YORK.

MACHINE FOR MAKING STEREOTYPE-MATRICES.

I SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 274,918, dated April 3, 1883.

' Application filed October l, 1881. tNo model.)

To all whom it may concern i Be it known that I, CHARLES HENRY DA- VIDS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented an 1m proveinentin Typography, of which the following is a specification.

I produce slight butsharplywlefined impressions from clearly-cut types iuto lead or analo- 1o gous soft metal. I can use such soft metal thus impressed with sunken characters by inking, wiping, and printing for what is known as plate-printing, but for ordinary printing my plates simply serve as matrices, from which to I5 produce relief-plates by electrotypin g or analogous. means. With these relief-plates surfaceprinting may be performed, as will be obvious. I will describe the invention as employed for the production of small plates, each adapted to serve as a matrix for a portion of one column of newspaper matter. I find that a useful effect can be produced by impressing the characters to a very small depth, using lead as the matrix. After getting a very thin coat- .25 ing of oxide on' the surface, by a sufficient exposure to the air or otherwise, I can use my plate as a mold from which to cast the reverse plates in ordinary 'typ'e metal, or, preferably, in a more fusible metal. I make the matrix or go "mold-plate to receive the impressions by facing a rigid back piece with soft metal, joined by fusion.' It may be formed by soldering a fat:- ing of sheet-lead on the back piece; but, ifcast thereon, it must be smoothly faced, either in 5 the act ofcasting or by a subsequent treatment, so as to leave an even surface before the types are impressed.

A separate application will be made for Letters Patent for the process thus far described 0 for producing printing-plates or matrices therefor, this application referring only to the machine used in connection therewith, as hereinafter specified.

I mount the mold-plate in a holder capable of being moved for the spacing, and impress the types successively therein by a series of punches held in a wheel in a position parallel to the axis and capable of being moved endwise. The wheel is rotated by suitable mechanism, which allows it to be stopped without stopping the whole machine, and is arrested wil in the right position at the will of the operator by strik-ingone ofa series of keys, which brings the proper stop into contact with a spur or projection on the wheel at a required point in its circuit. The mechanism forbids any recoil of the punch-wheel on its being arrested. I provide for withholding the impressions until the type-wheel or punch-wheel is stopped, and then produce the impression by a further movement of the same key. I ar-' range thelocking-levers in one-half instead of the whole of the circle, and arrange themin two or more tiers, acting on a corresponding number of flanges, fixed on the punch-wheel. 6 The depression and subsequent liberation and elevation of the proper key effects, first, the stopping ofthe wheel with the desired type or punch in position, then the impressing of that punch audits withdrawal, then theunlocking and allowing the wheel again to commence its active rotation, and, lastly, and, to a certain extent, simultaneouslywith the unlocking, 0., the feeding or moving 'of the mold-plate which receives the impression, this latter being to a greater or less distance, according to the width of the particular letter which has just been impressed. I provide an excess of force for. each impression, and employ a firmly-supported stop close to the impression-surface to receive the excess of force 'and' insure that all the letters are impressed to an exactly uniform depth. Adequate provision is made for vary ing the spacing to justify, or make the lines all of equal length. I so operate the machine 8 that all irregularities in the spacing, should any occur, are near the middle of each line, as

in ordinary typography, where it but slightly affects the appearance of the print. -I also of the several letters apart in the whole or a part of the words to facilitate justificatiou. After the completion of each line the receptive mold-plate is shifted in position to the proper extent to receive the next line of impressions; 95 and I provide facilities for giving more or less space between the lines in fine degrees. of gradation. I There are key-levers for designating the types or punches to be impressed in their proper order. with the feeding mechanism, so that their operation effects a proper amount of feed for provide for conveniently varying the distance These are also connected 1oo III each letter. There is another set or series of key-levers for effecting the spacingbetween the words. These serve by feeding the moldplate along to a greater or less extent, according to which of the series is operated; and there is still a third setor series of key-levers for line-spacing. They move the mold-plate, when each line is finished, in the proper direction to prepare for the next line. The extent of the space thus induced between the lines is greater or less, according as one or another key of the series is operated. All these. several series of key-levers may lie side by side in an apparently continuous line, the keys, which extend up therefrom and are provided with suitable buttons to receive the touch of the fingers, being arranged in several rows or banks. The parts are so represented.

The following is a description of what I consider the best means of carrying out the invention:

The accompanying drawings form apart of this specification.

Figurelis a frontview of the entire machine, partly in section. Fig.2 is a plan view,with a portion broken away to show the parts below. Fig. 3is a side elevation. The succeeding figures are on a larger scale. Fig. 4 is a vertical section,showing certain portions. It is a section through the centerof the punch-wheel in a plane extending forward and back. Fig.5 is a front elevation of certain parts, partly in section. Fig.6isafrontelevation,showingcertain parts. Fig. 7 is a side elevation, showing certam parts. Figs. 8, 9, 10 are on a still larger scale. Fig. 8 represents the spacing-clutch and its connections, partly in section. Fig. 9

is a cross-section on the line S S looking in' the direction of the arrows. Fig. 10 is arsection on the line T T inFig. 8 looking in the direction of the arrows.

Similar reference-letters or pairs of letters indicate like parts in all the figures.

For the mold-plate m p, I take a block or plate, of brass or other hardmetal, ofsufficient thickness, and carefully tin the face thereof. I place this in a mold, and on the tinned face apply melted lead, tin, or zinc, or a suitable soft-metal alloy. If it is not practicable to mold this with a sufficiently-smooth face I cast it with an excess of thickness, and then place this compound block in a machine analogous to a stereotype-planer and shavevthesoft face and polish to a perfectly even surface and trim the edges. On the soft metal, thus supported by being fused on an unyielding back,

I punch the desired characters.

The punch-wheel T w revolves on a stud, 7, fixed on a bridge-piece, 9, of the frame, and has locking-flanges lfonjts periphery. This punch-wheel T w carries a number of movable supports or puppets, 1), one for each character to be used in the machine, and'which slide freely lengthwise in upright mortises cut in equal divisions of the punch-wheel near its periphery. Each of the puppets 12 carries in its updesired point.

is arecess, a, in one edge, leaving a lip, a.

Each type-punch is fixed in its puppet by a set-screw, b, which also acts as a stop, preventing the puppet from dropping below the A miter-wheel, g, is formed or secured on the'hnb of the punch-wheel T w, and gears into a similar wheel, g, on a horizontal shaft, 1", revolving in fixed bearings.

Power is received by a belt from a lineshaft. (Not shown.) The belt runs on a pulley,

P, fixed on a sleeve, 8 l. A friction-plate,f, slides on the sleeve 8 l, but is prevented from turningthereon by the spline (1. Between the friction-platefand the adjacent surface, which is the side of the pnlley'P, a washer, to, of felt or other frictional material, is compressed by the nut N on a screw-thread formed on the sleeve s I.

A shaft, 1, extending across the rear of the maehine,rests in bearings in standards 2, and is the fulcrum for a series of key-levers, K I, K t, and K s, lying side by side, like piano-keys, having finger-buttons attached. The weight ofeach key-lever is a little more than balanced The levers K t, which may be called typelevers, are equal in number to the letters, figures, and other characters used in the machine,

andserve one for'each. To aid learners in optoo crating, each finger-button may have one of saidcharactersconspicuously exhibited. Each lever K t is'connected by a link, 4, with one of the locking-levers l l, which, equal in number to the levers K t, are arranged in two ranks in semicircles onthe grooved locking-plate lp. The outer ends of the locking-levers l l are held up by elbow-springs 6. The inner ends stand under the locking-flanges Zf, one for each rank of levers, on the periphery of the punch-wheel T w.

Each locking-flange lf has one narrow score or slot, s,-cut through it. Immediately adjacent, on the proper side, is an arrestingspur, 8, which projects from the flange. These slots 8 and spurs 8 hear such a relation to each other and to the locking-levers it that the latter, by engaging in the former, will lock the punchwheel T w in a different position, according as one or the other key-lever K t is depressed.

A clutch-plate, e, on the end of the sleeve 8 l, engages with a clutch-plate, e, on the shaft 1". The hub of the plate 6 is notched, preferably, in one full turn of a spiral, and engages with a collar, having a like formation on its face. A spiral spring, h, encircling the shaft r, has one end attached to the notched collar 0 and the other end to a collar, 2', secured to the shaft 0'. The clutch-plate c has a circumferential groove in its hub, and in this groovefia yoke,

y, engages, which is hinged at one end to the frame-work of the machine, and at its other end to a link,j, connecting with one arm of a with the notched end c ot' the hubof the clutch bell-crank lever, 7c. The other arm of the lever is connected by a link, j, with a lever, m, operated by the working of the toggle 12 13. The receiving-power pulley P being revolved, the nut N is screwed up on the sleeve at until the friction plate f compresses the elastic washer w sufficieutly. The collar ion the shaft 1" is adjusted so that the spring It will hold the clutch-plate 0 against the clutch-plate e. The shaft r',with its miter bevel-wheel g,being thus made to revolve, turns the punch-wheel or type-wheel T 'w. The lever m,bein g depressed, opens the clutch e e by operating the linkj, bell-crank lever k, link j, and yoke 1 and the punch-wheel T 10 stops.

It will be seen that depression of a type-key,

lever, K t, raises the inner end of its connected locking-lever L 1 against the proper locking flange lf, which neverthelesscontinues to revolve freely until its spur or detent Sstrikes the said elevated locking-lever l I. Then the lockinglever, continuing to be pressed gently upward by the continued pressure of the tinger on the proper key-lever, passes into the slot s,'permittiug a still further depression of the key-lever K t, which then moves quite to the bottom of its groove or guideway in the stop-bar S b. When pressure ceases on the key lever K t the locking-lever l l returns, leaving the punch-wheel T w free torevolve, and the clutch e e is closed. The notched collar on the end of the spring h, in connection plate 0, acts as a click or ratchet toprevent the machine from revolving in the wrong direction.

Should the punch wheel T 20 be stopped, and the clutche e not be opened soon thereafter, the friction device P 10 f will permit the pulley P to revolve without injury to the machine.

On the shaft 1 is mounted the impression-lever I 1, formed as a broad frame, extending across beneath all the type-levers K t. Adjusting-screws o 0 are set in its front part", one under each type-lever K t. On its upper surface it carries a forked standard, 10, passing between the levers Kt and connected by an ad justahle link, 11, with a bell-crank lever, 12, which, with thelink 13, forms a toggle or knee joint. The link 13 is also jointed to the slider 14, the upper part of which has a recess, a and alip, a, to correspond with the like formation ot'the lower ends of the type-puppets p. The slider 14 moves in the slide-plate 15,which is secured to the bridge-piece 9 of the frame of the machine. The bell-crank lever 12 is attached to the rock-shaft 16, which rocks in the journal-boxes 17.17, and which carries on its end the lever m, before mentioned. A stop screw or pin, 18, in the slider 14, moving in a slot in the slide-plate 15, acts as a stop on the A spring, it, raises the impression-lever after it has been depressed.

A positive stop, P 8, attached at one end to the stud 7, is extended outward across the path of the type-punches tp and firmly bolted to the fixed framing. Through a sufficient hole in thisstopthe type-punches tp aresuccessively thrust as the several impressions are produced; but the ends of the puppets are received by the stop P s, and'thus regulate the impression. I

On the posts 30 I place on each side of the frame-plate f1) adjusting-nuts 3L 32,,two on each of the four posts 30, one of each pair 31 being below' and the other, 32, above the frameplate f1). These serve to adjust the distance of the mold-plate m 12 from the type-punches t p when the thickness of the mold-plate is subject to considerable variation.

The ends of the adjusting-screws o 0 in the impression-lever I l are at such a distance below the type-levers K t that the latter, when operated,.do not touch them until the type.

wheel T w is locked. They are arranged to compensate for the springing of the impression-lever I t. and for the difierence in the pressure required by the various type-punches t 1). One of the type-levers K t being de pressed a little raises the corresponding locking-lever l i into contact with its proper locking'liange lf, and then is compelled to wait until the punch-wheel T10 is arrested, and the slot .9 receives the locking-lever ll. Then the key-lever K t is allowed to sink lower, and depresses in turn the impression-lever I I. This, by thethinforkedstandard 10, playing through suflicientspaces betweenthe key-levers, draws down the link 11, and, by the action of the toggle-joint 12 13, pushes up the slider 14. The

several parts must be so arranged and proportioned that on the stoppage of the puncha ,puppetp untilboth are stopped, the slider 14 by the stop-pin 18. and the puppet p by the set-screw b, and all is ready tor the revolution of the punch-wheel T w to be again resumed. On the shaft 1 swings a broad lever, S I,

nearly similar in form and dimensions to the slider 14, permitting its descent only to the the quadrats and spaces used by compositors. point where it will engage with the puppets p.

The front of the lever S l carries adjustingscrews (1 q, which are set to engage under the levers K t and K 8 one screwq for each lever K t or K's. The height of these screws q q is adjusted in the lever S 5 according to the width of the face of the corresponding type represented by the key-lever over it. In the case of the levers K s the adjustment is in proportion to theamount of blank space to be thereby provided.

The spacing-lever S l-, after it has been depressed and released, is raised by a suitable spring. It is connected by an adjustable link, 19, with a ratchet-lever, R 2, which carries a series of ratchets, R R, of different lengths, operating the ratchetwheel R w on the spacing-shaft 20. On this latter are two bevelpinions, 21 21, gearing into corresponding bevel-wheels 22 22, lying at right angles thereto, which latterare on spindles 23 23, on which are friction-clutches t t, fastened and released by the turning of knobs u a. They carry wheels as x, which, when engaged by their respective friction-clutches, tend to turn in opposite directions. These wheels 0000 carry a belt or band, V, preferably ofmetal, having projections on its inner face engaging with transverse grooves on the faces of the frictionwheels 0; :r. This belt is attached to the spacing-carriage S c, which slides on the under side of the frame-plate fp in guides z z. A turnbuckle, 33, serves to keep a suitable tension on the spacing-belt V to prevent loss of motion by looseness thereof.

The ascent of the adjustable link 19, when the spacing-lever S 1 has been depressed and is allowed to rise again, is delayed by a looseness of the connections represented in Fig. 3, so that the spacing mechanism will not begin to act until snfficient time has elapsed to allow the type-punch tplo leave the mold-plate mp. So, also, the several parts must be so adjusted that the properlocking-lever l i will retain its hold on the punch-wheel T 10 until the puppet, with its punch, has been drawn completely down.

Each friction-clutch t (see Fig. 8) has a circular plate, t, fixed on the sleeve t, to which the gear-wheel 22 is keyed, and a similar circular plate, t fixed on a sleeve, 25, in line with the first. Within these sleeves is a stem, 23, which extends also through the wheel :0. The end ofthis stem is screw-threaded, and receives a hand-wheel or nut, a, which is threaded differentially-that is to say, on the end of the stem 23 is a screw tapped through the nut, and on the sleeve t is a screw-thread of different pitch, also engaging with the nut to. Each clutch revolves in journal-boxes attached to the frame-plate fp. The screw-threads act differentially in opening or closing the plates t and t against the wheel 00 by means of the note. I propose to apply for a separate patent for a clutch constructed with differential screws, as herein described and shown.

One of the key-levers K t or K s, being depressed at theproper point in its descent,

strikes an adjusting-screw, q, and depresses the spacing-lever S I, thus allowing the link 19 to fall and the ratchet-lever R1 and ratchet R to draw back for a fresh hold. ()n the key being released these parts return to their former positions by the force of the springs n and 3, and in doing so one of the pawls R, which hasengaged with the ratchet-wheel R w, turns it a distance proportionate to the extent to which the spacing-lever S l has been depressed. The ratchet-wheel It w turns the shaft 20, and necessarily, also,the beveled pinion 21 and wheel 22, with the attached sleeves t t and plates t it, each pair in an opposite direction. One of the clutches being disengaged and the other engaged, the latter will at each reciprocation of the link 19 feed forward the mold-plate m p to a distance corresponding to the breadth of the letter which has just been impressed. Should the left-hand clutch bebroughtinto operation, by screwing up the lefthand nut u, the carriage S 0 will move from right to left; but shouldthe left-hand nut be released and the other out be tightened, the motion of the carriage will be reversed.

Two adjustable stops, 3 34, are attached to the frame-plate f to aiddn-settingthe spacing carriage S c at each end of a line, and thus determine the width of the column or page.

When a certain portion of the line-say from onehalfto two-thirds-hasbeenimpressed, by beginning at the commencement of the line, in the usual way, the forwarding-clutch then in operation, which is the left-hand one, is re- IOC leased by turning the hand-wheel or not a at I the left. The spacing-carriage S c is next pushed by the hand of the operator quite over against the stop 34 at the last end of the line Then the reversing-clutch on the right is engaged, and the remainder of the line is set up backward. This allows the ends of the line to be exactly even. Wider or narrower spaces are made between the several words by playing difi'erent spacing-keys K s. Wider or narrower spacing of the entire set of characters may be obtained by shifting the point of connection of the link 19 movingin the slot 28 in the spacing-lever S Z.

The proper spacing between each line-and the next is secured as follows: On the shaft 1 swings a line-spacing lever, L l, which is operated by the key-leversK l, and extends across and beneath them. L Z is connected by a link, 24, with a ratchet-lever, r l, carrying sev- IIO eral ratchets 1", which operate the ratchet-wheel V r 20, attached to the line-spacing shaft l s, on which is the spur-wheel S w, engaging in the rack 17 k, which abuts against the mold-plate mp, sliding between guides 00' won the spacingcarriage S c. Adjustments 27 27 are provided in the stop-bar S b for the line-spacing key-.

i S 0 forward.

wheel, permitting the rack r k'to be returned i to its starting-point.

'An'additional key-levenm, (see Fig. 5,) is connected to the link todisengeige the clutch e e" at will independently of the impression mechanism. I cannse it either for the purpose of stopping the punch-wheel for examination or for any purpose while the belt is still connected, or by usingit,.in combination with any given key-lever K t, to obtain consecutive impressions of one type-punch with a proper feed between each impression without waiting for the type-wheel. to revolve for each. This may be especially usefulin repeating the cipher in figure-work, involving large quantities.

Operation: The spacing carriage being 1 against the proper stop in the position for commencinga line, and the letter-spacing device properly adjusted, the operator puts a moldplate, m p, in the guides w as, places copy before him, and connects the belt P to set the type-wheel T w revolving, and closes the spacing-clutch t, which moves the spacing-carriage He then depresses the lever K s, that represents an em-quadrat, once or oftener, as may be necessary. He then consecutively depresses different type-levers K it until the firstword is formed. He then depresses a key-lever, K s, which represents an ordinary space between words, and then consecutively depresses levers K t to form the next word. At a suitable point, before the line is completed, he opens and disengages the left clutch, t, which had been operative, moves the spacingcarriage S c, with the mold-plate mp, against the opposite stop, and, having, by a quick mental process determined what word or part of a word will come at the end of the line, proceeds to impress in a'reversed order as much oinatteras will be necessary to fill out the line,

spacing it more or less, as required. finished the line, he opens the reverse clutch t, and, applying his hand, moves the spacing carriage S c, with the mold'plate m p, to the other stop, 34, and closes the forwarding-clutch.

Then, to put the plate in position for the next line, he depresses the proper lever K Z, thus moving the mold-plate m 1) forward more or less, according to which leveris so depressed, and, commencing anew line, repeats the operation previously described until the plate is filled or the copy is all composed. Should the operator discover an error before beginning the next line, hecomposes a corrected line beneath the incorrect one, and continues as before, leaving the incorrect line to be cut out of the casting or electrotype taken off of the mold-plate. It is hardly necessary to say that, 7

should errors be discovered after succeeding matter has been correctly composed, all the incorrectmatter can be cut out of the casting or electrotype taken therefrom, and correct matter can be inserted in its place. In like manner authors corrections of text may be made.

It is preferable to have the mold-plate con tain but a small quantity of matter, so that in- Having accuracies will never cause more than a few moments lost time.

Nearly all the errors in ordinary type-setting arise from foul cases-t. 49.,(30II1PELI13 ments in the type-cases containing types not belongingtherein. The work of a machine of this class is free from such errors.

Modifications may be made in many of the them, and thus produce a relief-plate by operating the machine, as-described.

I propose to make a separate application for patent for the process of manufacturing printing-plates by forming a matrix by consecutive impressions of types into metal and thelrtaking a casting therefrom.

Should it be desirable to cast a stereotype plate of type-metal,or any other alloy which requires comparatively high heat to fuse, I cover my rigid plate on with clay or other suitable refractorysubstance, kneaded with glycerine in proper proportions, instead of the soft metal fused on, as above described. The soft earthy coat, of proper consistency, thus provided will remain in good condition a long time to receive impressions, and serve at any required period afterward as themold, from which a sharp casting in the proper metal can be taken. This will be made the subject of a separate application for patent.

The mold-plate m p, or a sufficiently-hard reproduction made therefrom, can be used to produce a relief-plate by other means than stereotyping or electrotyping. Itmay be used by mechanically pressing it upon a suitable yielding surface. may vary according to the purpose for which it is intended to be used. It may be made cylindrical or segmental, proper modifications being made in the holder and in the means for moving it.

The material and thickness Although I have termed this invention an im provementin typography,for whichI have described it as being used, the same mechanism may be used with or without modifications for the impressing of other devices than printers types, and for other purposes than printing. I can, for example, provide punches adapted to impress scrolls or other decorative devices, or parts of such devices, and use this machine to combine them in a great variety of relations on a properly-grooved mold-plate, which mold-plate may,ifdesired, be afterward used as a matrix from which to produce dies for use in embossing, chasin g, and decorating paper, leather, woven fabrics, 850., for a great variety of purposes.

I claim as new and as my invention- 1. The combination of the key-levers K t, impression-lever I I, link 11, toggle-joint 12 13, slider 14, puppets p, and type-punches t1), arranged substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The key-levers K t and impression-lever I l, with an adjusting device, 11, and train of connections to the type-punch tp, substantially as shown.

3. The key-levers K t, impression -leverI l, and its adjustments 0 0, in combination with a train of connections to the type-punch t 9, substantially as shown and described.

4. The combination of the key-levers K t, the impression-lever I l, the connections from the impression-lever I Z, and including the slider 14. and the return-stop 18, arranged substantially as and for the purpose specified.

5. A punch-wheel and its rotating mechanism, in combination with the locking-levers Z1, and with a cushioning-spring, h, the latter interposed between the driving mechanism and thepunch-wheel, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

6. The device h, 0 and c for preventing the communication to the punch-wheel of a reversed motion of the rotating mechanism, and in combination with said punch-wheel and rotating mechanism, substantially as specified.

7. In combination with each other and with the mechanism for rotating 2. carrier containin g a set of punches, a continuously-operative friction-clutch, and a positive cldtch, e e, which is disengaged while a punch is being impressed, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

8. The friction-plate f and means for adjusting it, compressible washer w, and pulley or driving-wheel P,in combination with a punchwheel and mechanism for revolving the same, substantially as set forth.

9. A series of key-levers, K t, and their con- V nections, in combination with the punch-wheel 11. Apunch-wheel provided with detainingflan go I f, in combination with its rotating mechtion with the locking-levers l l, the latter arranged to perform the double function of stopping the punch-wheel and looking it to prevent motion thereof in either direction, substantially as set forth.

14. A punch wheel having a detainingflange, lf, furnished with a slot, 8, and spur 8, in combination with checking devices, substantially as shown.

15. The grooved locking-plate 11), formed substantially as described, and a series of looking devices pivoted therein, in combination with a spur and slotted detaining-flange on a punch-carrier, substantially as shown.

16. The key-levers K t and suitable connections, substantially as described, to a series of lockingmechanisms,substantially asdescribed, in combination with each other and with a detaining-flange, If, on a punch wheel or carrier, substantially as set forth.

17. In a machine for impressing types successively, the combination of a friction-wheel,

00, friction-plate, t and means, substantially as described,for engaging them at will with a spacing-carriage and letterspacing mechanism, and devices connecting them to the friction-wheel as, all substantially as described.

18. A mold -plate and spacingcarriage, in combination with reversible spacing mechan ism.

In testimony whereofI have hereunto set my hand at New York city, this 1st day of October, 1881, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CHARLES H. DAVIDS.

Witnesses:

THOMAS D. STETSON, CHARLES C. STETSON. 

